Friday, December 27, 2019

Beowulf Is An Epic Poem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1157 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Beowulf is an epic poem written roughly between the 8th and 11th centuries by an unknown author. It is a masterful story born from Old English and has lived up to its heroic and virtuous protagonist, Beowulf. Primarily, Beowulf yearned to be immortalized by being remembered for generations beyond his death. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beowulf Is An Epic Poem" essay for you Create order It is thanks to the contributions of many scholars that helped carry on the legacy of Beowulf through translating the archaic poem into Modern English, cementing itself into accessible text and never forgotten. Beowulf: A New Verse, by Seamus Heaney, published on February 15th, 2000, arguably has the most readable and therefore superior translation of Beowulf compared to prior translations. To appreciate the arduous challenge of translating Beowulf, it is important to note the obstacles translators had to face. James Shapiro, an English professor from Columbia University, who published an article to The New York Times titled, A Better Beowulf stated what those difficulties were. The first issue is that while translating from Old English into Modern English is not the most difficult part, it is actually the issue of the translation being too bland to read. Beowulf in its original form is complex, highly formulaic, rich in compounds, apposition, repetition and parallelism; and very few lines mesh well with the flow into Modern English (Shapiro). The role of a great translation, according to The Institute of Export and International Trade, is to disguise a translation as simply what the original text would had read if it was written in the language it was translated to. Mistakenly, many translators were too rigid in their translations and felt like an obvious translation. The second issue is that the original author of Beowulf had a very specific rhythm for each line in the poem, which followed a pattern called iambic pentameter. This means that each line will have ten syllables, and within that line, will have five stresses. Unfortunately, Modern English rarely follows these kinds of restrictions poetically. Scholarly translators that wanted to understandably maintain the richness of Beowulf, by forcing modern vocabulary into an iambic pentameter formula, often translated certain lines into a painful-to-read jog-trot (Shapiro). Without a sense of poetic rhythm, many elements of the story and the representations of the characters tend to fall flat. The duty of these translators was to ideally recapture the passion the original author intended, many of whom could not; until Seamus Heaney successfully cracked the code. Capturing the true essence Beowulf lies in properly representing the protagonist, Beowulf of the Geats, and the translations by Heaney proved to be the best representation. According to Melissa Snell, a historical researcher with a concentration of the Middle Ages, the first translation of Beowulf into Modern English was done in 1837 by J. M. Kemble. Beyond the fact that Kemble took on the task in the Nineteenth Century, and for the fact Beowulf has been translated into roughly sixty-five other modern languages, that means there have been multiple variations of the same character, Beowulf, way before Heaney finished his interpretation in the year 2000 (Snell). Many translators simply did not come close to expressing the passionate, noble, and virtuous Beowulf as the original author did. For example, as Salim E. Al-Ibia, an English Assistant professor of Al al-Bayt University, pointed out in his article titled, A Comparative Study of Three Modern Translations of the Old English Lines (675-702) of Beowulf most readers will feel the positive attitude toward Beowulf with Heaneys translation. Unlike a notable translation in 1952 by Edwin Morgan, Beowulf astonishingly has character traits of being flaunty and arrogant (Al-Ibia). To demonstrate a clear distinction between the language of Morgans and Heaneys translations, the confrontation between Beowulf and Grendel exposes the differences right away. In lines 675-679, with Morgans translations, of the epic poem, Beowulf is only depicted as the good warrior and Grendel has personified qualities of being able to boast in works of war. This is problematic because it diminishes how much of a threat Grendel is, and how even greater of a necessity Beowulf is. Essentially, Morgan is implying that theres been a war, rather than a one-sided bloody massacred rampage, between Grendel and the Danish. In contrast, Heaney proclaims Beowulf as that prince of goodness and proudly asserts that he is as dangerous any day as Grendel when it comes to fighting. Heaney undoubtably writes Beowulf as the present-day cape-crusader; a hero to fill ones despair with hope. Seamus Heaneys Beowulf is not only remarkable because of the fluidity the prose, but because of Heaneys background and method towards crafting the final translation. While the epic poem has cultural and locational ties to the Scandinavian area within its story, it is Heaneys Irish heritage that marries his translated Beowulf into an aspiring interpretation that prior translators failed to achieve. In an NPR radio interview from 2007, Heaney explains how he was able to dig into his Irish roots and write more expressively. Rather than use words such as defensive wall he used an Irish word from the seventeenth century called bawn (NPR). Given Beowulfs Anglo-Saxon origins, it also helped that Heaney was able to collaborate with Anglo-Saxon scholars. Heaneys earlier poetic works also enlighteningly followed iambic pentameter rhythm, giving him further credence for the quality Beowulf: A New Verse famed. Using these techniques allows for the story to maintain its richness in coming across as an ancient, epic tale but also mold his translation fluidly into iambic pentameter measure, in Modern English no less! It is no slight against for the many translators that endeavored to bring Beowulf into modern eyes. After all, they were performing the ultimate duty: immortalizing Beowulfs legacy for centuries after the fictious, glorious death. However, it is a laborious process to consider when there is a vast quantity of translations but few lacking genuine quality. Even fewer with as passionate and spirited verse as Heaneys translation. Beowulf, a timeless classic, inspired many scholars and translators, but it only took one procure the modern representation of Beowulf that would shower the story with as much love and excitement as the original author had done, centuries ago. Works Cited Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf: A New Verse. New York City: W. W. Norton Company, 2000. Print. Morgan, Edwin. Beowulf. London: The Hand and Flower Press, 1952. Print. Salim Eflih Al-Ibia. A Comparative Study of Three Modern Translations of the Old English Lines (675-702) of Beowulf. Journal of Arts and Humanities, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 66-72 (2018), no. 2, 2018, p. 66. EBSCOhost, doi:10.18533/journal.v7i2.1337 Shapiro, James. A Better Beowulf. New York Times, 27 Feb. 2000, archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/27/reviews/000227.27shapirt.html. Snell, Melissa. What You Need to Know About the Epic Poem Beowulf. ThoughtCo, 26 Aug. 2018, thoughtco.com/beowulf-what-you-need-to-know-1788397. Translation of Beowulf Revives Epic Tale. Talk of the Nation. National Public Radio. 19 Nov. 2007, https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=16425752. What makes a good translation? The Institute of Export and International Trade. 12 Feb. 2018, https://www.export.org.uk/news/386348/What-makes-a-good-translation.htm

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Romeo And Twelfth Night By William Shakespeare Essay

Shakespeare’s Masculine Women in Macbeth and Twelfth Night William Shakespeare frequently created women who deviated from the social standards of his time, which was, throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. All throughout this era, women were understood to be silent and obedient and were believed to be unfit of doing more than taking care of the house and raising children. However, Shakespeare often rejected these aspects and invented feminine characters that challenged the norms of this point in time. Two of the most individualistic women in Shakespeare’s plays are Lady Macbeth from Macbeth, and Olivia from Twelfth Night. Shakespeare confers upon both characters perceptibly masculine traits. Both Lady Macbeth and Olivia present nuanced description of the hostility in gender roles in the face of cultural and societal norms during the Renaissance era, due to their prominent masculine traits. In the patriarchal society that she is entirely immersed in, Lady Macbeth realizes that in order to be dominant and victorious, it is essential that she erase any part of her self that implies her inadequate femininity. However, as Lady Macbeth dismisses her natural character, the perverted yearning of her self-virilization unavoidably indicates her downfall. The alarming annulment of Lady Macbeth’s female self gives additional understanding into her struggle of identity. With avid fervor, she calls upon the spirits to do away with her femininity and anything of her that mayShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life Experiences997 Words   |  4 Pages Kemal 1 Ayesha Kemal Mrs. Holcombe Period: 7 10/05/14 Shakespeare’s Life Experiences William Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564 to John and Mary Shakespeare. As a child Shakespeare grew up in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the United Kingdom. He grew up attending a school called King Edward VI School, where he learned to read, write, and use proper grammar. He continued to attend school until his family had some economic hardships and he was unable to attend university. Instead he got marriedRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesthe nature of true love. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare gives an example of true love overcome by tragic fate. His star-crossed lovers are so madly in love with each other that they cannot live without being together. (RJ Prologue, 6) By contrast, in Twelfth Night the characters are so fickle that they switch love interests in the span of a few lines. By comparing the true love of Romeo and Juliet with the shallow love of Twelfth Night, it becomes clear that Shakesp eare agrees with the BiblicalRead MoreThe Most Influential Poet Of All Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Kenny Fancher Mrs. Sessions ENG 233 6 December, 2016 Shakespeare: The Most Influential Poet of All Shakespeare, the most recognizable and famed Author/Poet to ever live, is still such a largely loved and extremely relevant character even I today s society.. He is a widely acclaimed artist who over the span of his life has amassed many of followers and has been acknowledged by many as the greatest Dramatist of all time. He has accomplished many things throughout his life andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet, King Lear, And A Midsummer s Night Dream1037 Words   |  5 Pagesof Avon, commonly known as William Shakespeare is one of the best known playwrights in the (Video). A few of his most famous plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream (McArthur). Although he was popular during his time, Shakespeare’s influence continued to grow after his death and today he well known around the world. He added 2,000 words to the English dictionary and he is the 2nd most quoted after the Bible (Video). Shakespeare is one of the m ost influentialRead MoreBiography of William Shakespeare Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was born on April 23rd 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and died on April 23rd 1616; he was 52 years old when he died and was buried in the Stratford church. His father was John Shakespeare and died in 1601; his mom was Mary Arden and died in 1608. He married to Anne Hathaway the daughter of a farmer. They got three children: Susanna who was born on 1583 and two twins a boy which is Hammet and a girl which is Judith. Susanna was the eldest child and she didn’t have any education, sheRead MoreGender in Shakespeares Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night3235 Words   |  13 PagesGriffing 02/08/2012 Shakespeare in Love Analyze the representation of gender in two or more plays and/or films When reading literature from the Renaissance period, it is clear to see male and female characters were thought upon as two completely different types of people. By following what the bible told them about the opposite sexes, writers in this time were able to set specific gender norms for both men and women. However, when reading the works of William Shakespeare, one can sense a riffRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? Or do you see them being challenged and somehow undermined (implicitly or explicitly) in the plots and language of the play s)?† wants to know if Shakespeare wanted to break the pattern of women being passive objects to men in the literature. In the story Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare all of the roles are played by men. In the fifteenth centuryRead MoreWilli am Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1554 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1568 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare1735 Words   |  7 Pagesname? Would not a rose by any other name smell as sweet?† William Shakespeare, a name we have all heard at some point, but who is he? William Shakespeare, the man who has influenced our culture through his various literary works. What is the truth behind the brilliant man whom penned the renowned words filling the pages of the ever significant Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, or The Tempest? William Shakespeare was born William Shakspere. Aside from contemporary and popular belief, it

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Yue Yuen free essay sample

Yue Yuen Industrial (Holdings) Ltd. : Site Selection 1) How should the site selection factors listed in the case study be weighed? Are there any further factors which should be added to the list? (1) Site Selection factors Labour costs of the host country Population and demographics of the host country Host country’s physical infrastructure Presence of suppliers- GDP and economic stability foreign investment . Exchange rate volatility Size of the local market Desirability of the host country Presence of other labour-intensive manufacturing in the area Presence of other footwear manufacturers in the region Amount of foreign investment in the country Labour laws of the host country (2) Additional factors Financial institution. The risk of pandemics Shortage of essential basics such as clean water and electricity Labour’s education and technical skill level The host country’s supportive benefits such as tax benefits, preferential interest rates and more flexible infrastructure regulations The host country’s political stability and security . We will write a custom essay sample on Yue Yuen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2) What could be potential production sites for the company in addition to the four locations mentioned in the case study? (1) Guangdong produced 44% of the industry’s exports, Fujian 23% and Zhejiang 15% as majorities of China’s casual and athletic footwear. (2) Sichuan and Jiangsu and Shanghai are also big business in footwear production. Which site should the company select for its new manufacturing operations, and why? (1) The company’s selection should be Vietnam (2) The reason why Vietnam should be selected as below The government’s supports such as a combination of tax benefits Low labour cost and highly young workforce Convenient geographical location Dynamic economy and rising domestic consumption Political and economic stability Vietnam was Nike’s second largest producer.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Orientalism And Colonialism Essays - Orientalism,

Orientalism and Colonialism Orientalism and Colonialism Edward Said describes Orientalism as the ethnocentric way Europe approaches the Asian territories. Europeans looked upon the people of the Orient and Arabic states as "gullible" and"devoid of energy and initiative." The invasion of European nations proved a drastic decline in the natural prosperity of every nation they encountered. Europe forced the destruction of these once great lands by three methods; Anglo-based propaganda as a method of education, the deletion of history from the invaded land, as well as, the assimilation of their culture. European propagandists played an important role with the conquering of foreign lands. Domestic support fostered in the European belief that they were improving the lives of valueless, shiftless imbeciles. There is no doubt that the West felt significantly superior to the East. This theory not only holds true to the Arabic and Asiatic states, but also for colonized countries in South America and Africa. Europe used their technological might and arrogant attitude to exploit the globe. However, to gain support of domestic citizens, European writings were used to paint a picture of a clan of people living in darkness and void. The scholars of that day carefully selected the publicity of their new conquests by cloaking it with a sentiment of charity and Christianity. Little recognition was given to the past cultures of these people. The plan was quite simple. They wanted to invade the territory, strip it of all its history and rebuild its past in the manner the Europeans saw fit. This is a very wise move in the tactics to strengthen the West's cause. Not only does wreck the morale of the invaded country's inhabitants, but it sends a loud and clear message that the history is insignificant and inferior to western history. Deporting of local treasures, deleting historic records and documents and defacing historic structures intended locals to forget about the past grandeur and focus of the supposed bright future of the West. The third method used by the Europeans is the assimilation of culture to the countries they colonized. Eurocentric-based training and education children of the colonized states proved the modeling of natives that were European in mind and values however unchanged in the exterior. By assimilating native culture into their own they gain more control and authority in that area. Indigenous children learning western ways of culture and natives who aid in the European exploitation, successfully gives the West control the land. In addition, once a new culture is introduced to one generation, the possibility of successful reinstatement of the past culture is nill. In my opinion, the entire destruction of the majority of the world's nations was caused by Western influence. Before European intervention, ways of life were individualistic. In fact, the third world as we know it would not have been so if they were simply left alone. There are still clans of people in the world that live a perfectly natural and healthy life with their indigenous ways. Greed and competition for raw materials caused Europe to branch out and destroy the ways of life for millions of people around the world. After decades from the end of colonization, what has the third world received for the West? For the Aborigines, they have received the affliction of diabetes. For the Native American, there is an affliction of otherwise unknown ailments and sexually transmitted diseases. For the Inuit, they have been stripped of their land and are now the poorest population in America today. For the African, they have received a triple treat of enslavement, broken families and the rape of their land's resources. Orientalism is quite possibly the most inhumane theory the world has ever seen. By bringing destruction in their wake and their dawn, colonization has brought starvation, illness and poverty to infinite generations. We are now faced with countries that once ruled the world lying helpless until support comes from the industrialized nations. Exotic and priceless treasures of ancient civilizations now lay in the libraries of rich western men. What would possibly make men do this to millions of men, women, and children? Greed? Power? I disagree with both, I believe the word is indifference. This indifference comes from the bitter marriage of social Darwinism and old-fashioned insolence. Any humanist would see that before the west intervened, each individual culture conformed to their habitat, past experiences, and past knowledge. Even though they were not "modernized" they still would have survived on their own just as they had been for centuries. However, a race of people could not be heartless enough to admit their destruction with a clear conscious and no remorse. They would not their pack

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Seminole Patchwork Essays - Textile Arts, Sewing, Visual Arts

Seminole Patchwork ?Cross? or ?sacred fire?, ?arrow?, ?zigzag?, ?bird?, ?wave?, ?mountains? and ?diamondback rattlesnake? all have something in common. What do all of these names have in common? They are all names of Seminole patchwork designs. What exactly is patchworking? It can be defined as the process of sewing pieces of solid colored cloth together to make long rows of designs, which are then joined horizontally to other bands of cloth to form a garment (Downs, 1995, 88). This Native American artwork is closely associated with the Florida Seminoles. The history of this tribe and how they came to make patchwork garments is rather interesting. In making patchwork garments, things to be considered include how it is done (process), what elements of design are used, whom the garment is to be made for and who actually makes it. Presently, there are less artists in this craft and the future of patchwork may be at risk. Seminole patchwork has been done for over a century, and it's beauty and uniqueness n eeds to be revealed and recognized by Americans. The Seminole Indians were not always located in Florida. In the early 19th Century the Seminoles lived in the cool areas of Georgia. They wore animals hides and furs to keep warm. This all changed in 1830, when President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy of 1830, which forced the Seminoles to flee to Florida. In fleeing to Florida they left behind their homes, some relatives who refused to leave and their cool climate. In Florida, there was no longer a need for the warm furs and hides and they turned to the use of cloth. In 1840, they disappeared into the Everglades and lived there in peace, with no influences from other tribes. The Everglades were rich with exotic items that were worth a lot in trade markets. Once a year, the Seminoles would take a voyage on the Miami River to Miami. In Miami they could trade items such as alligator hides and egret plumes for rolls of cotton cloth. The Seminoles would use the cotton to make various pieces of clothing. One year, a voyag e could not be made to Miami to attain more cloth and the Seminoles were forced to use scraps of cloth, sewing them together to make a large piece of cloth or garment. These scrapped together garments were then called ?Taweekaache?, better known as patchwork. (Westermark ?Many Bad Horses) These patchwork garments brought tourists to the lush, tropical setting of the Everglade area. Tourists flocked to see the Seminole Indians and to buy their patchwork pieces. The process of making these garments was rather slow and somewhat complicated (Blackard and West, Downs, 1995, 85). A Seminole patchwork requires the maker to take/cut many pieces of clothe and then sew them together. The process of sewing, cutting, sewing and so on results in the making of complex geometric designs. There is a six-step process that illustrates how patchwork is done. This process is that of Nea Dodson, a modern day patchwork artist. The pattern is very simple, but is one that is good to get your feet wet in patchmaking. This process is the same used by the original Seminoles. 1.) Cut scraps into equal sized squares, making sure to be accurate. 2.) Next, cut a neutral fabric into long strips, which are as wide as the scrap squares. 3.) Sew the scrap squares between two strips of neutral fabric, like this. 4.) Cut strips apart so you now have a rectangle made of three squares: a square of neutral, a scrap square and another square of neutral. It is important that the edges are straight and the two neutral sides are even. 5.) Shift one rectangle down so that the top edge of the uppermost neutral square on the right is even with the top edge of the scrap square on the left. Sew the rectangles together. Keep adding rectangles in this manner. You will get a strip that looks like this. 6.) Keep adding rectangles until you have a strip as long as you want. Turn the strip so that the scrap squares are all on point (standing on one corner). Trim the upper and lower corners off the neutral squares (see

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Red Dragon essays

Red Dragon essays I chose the book Red Dragon because I really enjoy all the movies that have been made about Hannibal Lecter, The Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal and not to mention Red Dragon. This 351 pages long book was written by the author Thomas Harris in 1981 but he was also the author of another of my favorites Silence of the Lambs. There have been made motion pictures after both those books. Thomas, a native of Mississippi, began his writing career covering crime in the United States and Mexico, and was a reporter and editor for the Associated Press in New York City. His first novel, Black Sunday, was published in 1975, followed by Red Dragon in 1981, The Silence of the Lambs in 1988 and Hannibal in 1999. The story is about a former detective, Will Graham. Graham is a dark haired, skinny man. All the sun in Florida has made him really tan He is enjoying a peaceful retirement with his wife and kid down in Florida when out of nowhere comes an old but unwanted friend, Jack Crawford. Jack was working with Graham on the Hannibal case when Graham caught him but got stabbed in return. Graham knows that usually when Jack comes, he is asking Will for help. And since Graham has heard of this new serial killer called the toothfary,, he knows pretty much what it is all about. And as Graham suspected Jack is not in for a social call. He is indeed asking Graham to come with him to Atlanta to take a look of the crime scene. Graham isnt too eager about going away from his family and loved ones but does it anyway. At the Atlanta Police Department he is filled in on the latest intel. The killer is a tall male, dark haired and has some sort of a fetish for biting his victims. The victims have been until this moment two families, a wife, husband and two children in Atlanta and the same but only one child in Birmingham. He kills at night at a full moon, meaning they have about 24 days until his next strike. Thats about ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Washington monument ( Washington DC ) Research Paper

Washington monument ( Washington DC ) - Research Paper Example The analysis of the monument’s terms of constructions reveals that the developers of this project had many challenges to face: still, within low-cost material and equipment they’ve managed to create a monument which is still unique worldwide. The use of monuments for highlighting the importance of an event or for showing respect and honor to an individual is a common phenomenon in societies worldwide. In this paper a monument which is closely related to the history of US is presented: the Washington Monument, in the capital of US. It was 1848 that the construction works for the development of this monument started; however, the monument was completed quite later, in 1884 (Craven, par.1). The monument reflects the commitment and the loyalty to the country, principles that have been highly promoted by George Washington, the ‘first President of US’ (Nobleman, 5). In fact, the Washington Monument has been constructed as ‘an honor to G. Washington’ (Nobleman, 5). For this reason, Washington has been chosen as the most appropriate place for this monument: for the capital of US the surname of G. Washington has been used. In this city also, a monument should be constructed in his memory (Nobleman, 5); no other area would be appropriate for such monument. In terms of the monument’s materials, emphasis has been given on ‘marble, granite and sandstone’ (Washington DC, par.1). This choice has been rather based on these materials’ ability to keep their consistence even under extremely adverse climate conditions. Having such quality, these materials would be appropriate to highlight Washington’s ‘strength as a leader’ (Nelson, 11). Also, such materials could secure the resistance of the monument in time. Materials which are critical in modern construction projects, such as metals and aluminum, were still produced at quite low volume in US (Cody 7) and their cost was quite high, a fact that has discouraged